This modality is considered successful through addressing the present pathologic conditions and/or iatrogenic errors and preventing their occurrence during the procedure.

Nonsurgical retreatment is a procedure that involves the removal of obturating materials to eradicate persistent bacteria and provide potential space for efficient root canal system disinfection and re-obturation 1. The TFBC presented lower apical loads and faster retreatment compared to AHP. WOG was able to remove 89.89% and 86.98% of obturating materials in TFBC and AHP, respectively. Apical patency was regained in all TFBC roots and only 75% of the AHP samples ( P = 0.217). Meanwhile, comparable maximum coronal load and maximum torque values were observed.

However, a higher maximum apical load was reported with AHP ( P = 0.000). A shorter retreatment time was needed in TFBC than in AHP ( P = 0.003). An independent t-test and chi-square test were performed at a 95% confidence level. Micro-computed tomography scanning was performed to calculate the remaining obturating materials. The time and regaining the apical patency were checked. After 6-month incubation, the canals were retreated with WOG Primary (25, 0.07) under simulated body temperature, and the developed load and torque were simultaneously measured. Single oval canals were prepared to size 30, 0.04 and obturated with gutta percha and AH Plus (AHP) or TotalFill bioceramic (TFBC) sealer. This study investigated retreatment of oval canals filled with gutta-percha and different sealers using WaveOne Gold (WOG).

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